AGRICULTURE METHOD ADOPTED BY PEOPLE OF DHADING AND THEIR SITUATIONWITH SOME COLLECTION OF PHOTOS FOUND SOMEWHERE...!!!!!

They are so cute and adorable. Look at these great photos of some world's cutest animals. Enjoy!

SOME COLLECTION OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE FARMING COLLECTION ....Agriculture in Nepal has long been based on subsistence farming, particularly in the hilly regions where peasants deriveAgriculture in Nepal has long been based on subsistence farming, particularly in the hilly regions where peasants derive their living from fragmented plots of land cultivated in difficult conditions. Government programs to introduce irrigation facilities and fertilizers have proved inadequate, their delivery hampered by the mountainous terrain. Population increases and environmental degradation have ensured that the minimal gains in agricultural production, owing more to the extension of arable land than to improvements in farming practices, have been cancelled out. Once an exporter of rice, Nepal now has a food def their living from fragmented plots of land cultivated in difficult conditions. Government programs to introduce irrigation facilities and fertilizers have proved inadequate, their delivery hampered by the mountainous terrain. Population increases and environmental degradation have ensured that the minimal gains in agricultural production, owing more to the extension of arable land than to improvements in farming practices, have been cancelled out. Once an exporter of rice, Nepal now has a food deficit.

Over 80 percent of the population is involved in agriculture, which constitutes 41 percent of GDP. The seasonal nature of farming leads to widespread underemployment, but programs to grow cash crops and encourage cottage industries have had some success over the years. Two-sevenths of the total land is cultivated, of which 1.5 million hectares produced 3.7 million metric tons of the staple crop of rice in 1999. Wheat and maize together take up a similar portion of the available land, with harvests of 1 million metric tons and 1.5 million metric tons, respectively, in 1999. Production of cash crops increased substantially in the 1970s, and sugarcane, oilseed, tobacco, and potatoes (a staple food in some areas) were the major crops. Agricultural production accounted for about three-fourths of total exports in the late 1980s. As noted earlier, most exports consist of primary agricultural produce which goes to India. In general the majority of Nepalese farmers are subsistence farmers and do not export surplus; this does not prevent a minority in the fertile southern Tarai region from being able to do so. Most of the country is mountainous, and there are pockets of food-deficit areas. The difficulties of transportation make it far easier to export across the border to India than to transport surplus to remote mountain regions within Nepal. A considerable livestock population of cattle, goats, and poultry exists, but the quality is poor and produces insufficient food for local needs.Government efforts to boost the agricultural economy have focused on easing dependence on weather conditions, increasing productivity, and diversifying the range of crops for local consumption, export, and industrial inputs. Solutions have included the deployment of irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and improved seed varieties, together with credit provision, technical advice, and limited mechanization. This has had some effect. Land under irrigation increased from 6,200 hectares in 1956 to 583,000 hectares in 1990. The use of chemical fertilizers, introduced in the 1950s, climbed to about 47,000 metric tons by 1998. Still, the weather continues to determine good and bad years for the average farmer. On a national scale, while production of both food and cash crops grew annually by 2.4 percent from 1974 to 1989, population increased at a rate of 2.6 percent over the same period.Increased agricultural activity has placed tremendous stress on the fragile ecosystems of the mountains, with severe deforestation leading to erosion and flooding that threatens the livelihoods of farmers throughout the country. In the rush to open up arable land in the early years of development, Nepal lost half its forest cover in the space of 3 decades. Government plans to maintain cover at 37 percent depend on the success of community forestry programs, which merge traditional and modern agro-forestry and conservation practices. Responsibility is placed in the hands of Forest User Groups, which included almost 800,000 households in 1999.A potent issue is that of land reform. Before 1950, a feudal system held sway. Land ownership was concentrated in the hands of landlords who contracted out to tenant farmers. Increased productivity may have been suppressed by such a system. Even though the legal mechanisms for land reform (such as placing limits on the amount of land owned) do exist, in practice most farmers still have pitifully small holdings. Predictably, land reform has been the mandate of every political party in Nepal, particularly the communists.Over 80 percent of the population is involved in agriculture, which constitutes 41 percent of GDP. The seasonal nature of farming leads to widespread underemployment, but programs to grow cash crops and encourage cottage industries have had some success over the years. Two-sevenths of the total land is cultivated, of which 1.5 million hectares produced 3.7 million metric tons of the staple crop of rice in 1999. Wheat and maize together take up a similar portion of the available land, with harvests of 1 million metric tons and 1.5 million metric tons, respectively, in 1999. Production of cash crops increased substantially in the 1970s, and sugarcane, oilseed, tobacco, and potatoes (a staple food in some areas) were the major crops. Agricultural production accounted for about three-fourths of total exports in the late 1980s. As noted earlier, most exports consist of primary agricultural produce which goes to India. In general the majority of Nepalese farmers are subsistence farmers and do not export surplus; this does not prevent a minority in the fertile southern Tarai region from being able to do so. Most of the country is mountainous, and there are pockets of food-deficit areas. The difficulties of transportation make it far easier to export across the border to India than to transport surplus to remote mountain regions within Nepal. A considerable livestock population of cattle, goats, and poultry exists, but the quality is poor and produces insufficient food for local needs.
Government efforts to boost the agricultural economy have focused on easing dependence on weather conditions, increasing productivity, and diversifying the range of crops for local consumption, export, and industrial inputs. Solutions have included the deployment of irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and improved seed varieties, together with credit provision, technical advice, and limited mechanization. This has had some effect. Land under irrigation increased from 6,200 hectares in 1956 to 583,000 hectares in 1990. The use of chemical fertilizers, introduced in the 1950s, climbed to about 47,000 metric tons by 1998. Still, the weather continues to determine good and bad years for the average farmer. On a national scale, while production of both food and cash crops grew annually by 2.4 percent from 1974 to 1989, population increased at a rate of 2.6 percent over the same period.
Increased agricultural activity has placed tremendous stress on the fragile ecosystems of the mountains, with severe deforestation leading to erosion and flooding that threatens the livelihoods of farmers throughout the country. In the rush to open up arable land in the early years of development, Nepal lost half its forest cover in the space of 3 decades. Government plans to maintain cover at 37 percent depend on the success of community forestry programs, which merge traditional and modern agro-forestry and conservation practices. Responsibility is placed in the hands of Forest User Groups, which included almost 800,000 households in 1999.
A potent issue is that of land reform. Before 1950, a feudal system held sway. Land ownership was concentrated in the hands of landlords who contracted out to tenant farmers. Increased productivity may have been suppressed by such a system. Even though the legal mechanisms for land reform (such as placing limits on the amount of land owned) do exist, in practice most farmers still have pitifully small holdings. Predictably, land reform has been the mandate of every political party in Nepal, particularly the communists.

smuggling of herbal plants..continues

   

  

dhading: Medicinal herbs considered as the main source of income in the district are being smuggled illegally in an alarming rate from the district in recent days affecting revenue collection badly. There has been no control in the export of herbal plants as the Larke customs office located at Jagat of Sirdibas VDC-1 has remained shut for 12 years, local said.

According to the locals, herbal plants worth more than 30 crores is exported to Tibet annually. Bal Bahadur Gurung, a local of Salleri, Sirdibas, said, ‘’Herbal plants in bunches are exported via the entry point.’’

Plants of medicinal significance such as such as Yarsagumba, Jatamashi, Nirmashi, Chiraito, Bikha, including others, are exported illegally.

Valuable herbal plants are mostly found in the forest area of Barpak, Laprak, Gumda, Uhiya, Chhekampar, Ramagaun, Lho and Kerauja VDCs. Kamal Gurung, a local of Salleri, said, ‘’The country is incurring loss in millions of rupees.’’

Herbal entrepreneur Lal Bahadur Gurung said medicinal plants worth over Rs 50 crores is exported to India and Tibet annually.

Chief District Officer Raj Kumar Shrestha said, ‘’The revenue collection is very low as the VDC secretaries are hardly present in their respective villages.”

dhading....as a destiny

Dhading is one of the remote districts in the central region of Nepal. Although the district is located at the border of Kathmandu valley in Bagmati Zone, many parts of it are still inaccessible by road. The topography stretched from the northern border of Chitwan and Makawanpur to join the Plateau of Tibet (China) represents diversified climate, vegetation, flora and fauna. The social fabric of different caste and creed also represent a variety of Indo-Aryan and Mongoloid culture inherited from time immemorial.

The district extends from 27º 40' N to 28º 14' N Latitude and 84º E to 85º 1' East longitude and is surrounded by Gorkha district in the west, Kathmandu and Nuwakot the east, Makawanpur and Chitwan in the south and Rasuwa district in the north. The north frontier is also bordered with Tibet Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. The shape of the district is like a military boot and represents different agro-climate zone comprising of valley, Tars (flat land ) to middle hills and high hills. It has a total area of 192,487 hectare.

The elevation ranges from 488 meter to 7409 meter above mean sea level. The highest peak of Ganesh Himal is 7409 meter high located most part of the district at Tipling VDC. The climate conditions are representative for a hill district in the Central Development Region of Nepal. The major climate zones found in Dhading district include the following.

1. Sub Tropical Zone in areas below 1000m. above mean sea leve with the annual average temperature of above 20º C.
2. Temperature Zone in altitude between 1000-3000m. MSL with annual average temperature between 10º -20ºC.
3. Alpine Zone in greater than 3000 m above MSL with average temperature of less than 10º C.

The average annual rainfall as recorded at Dhading Basi station is 2121.2mm. The rainfall pattern is different due to altitudinal variations. The rainy season is the longest at VDCs located at eastern area while it is slightly shorter in western and northern part. Usually, rainfall is in from of snow in high altitudes of Lapa, Sertung, Tipling and Jharlang.

The district is administratively divided into 13 Ilakas that consist of 50 VDCs in total. Each VDC is divided into 9 wards. Each ward comprised of 1 to 4 clusters or hamlets depending upon the size of the population.

It is also one of the most backward districts which stands in 41^st rank in Human Development Index (HDI) among 75 districts of Nepal. The district is entirely composed of the villages with fifty Village Development Committees with no municipalities. The district has poor development infrastructures like roads, electricity, and others. The district statistic shows only 39% of the population in the district has access to clean drinking water and only small percentages of them have sanitary toilets. Most of the populations are based on subsistent agriculture and have low income for basic livelihood. It is commonly observed that large percentage of the youth populations are unemployed who are going for foreign employment nowadays.

There are 380,369 populations with a growth rate of 1.97 and an average family size is 5.4. The district has only 43% adult literacy rate where female literacy rate is considerably lower (33.81%) compared to the male (53.69%). The district has high percentage (over 35%) of poor and marginalized ethnic population. The main marginalized ethnic communities in the district are Tamang (19%), Dalits(9%), Chepangs (3%), and Kumals (1.2%). These ethnic communities have poorer socio-economic condition far behind the average population of the district.

The district is behind in health status compared to the national level. Although the health indicators are significantly improving over the years, the district is still behind in some of the key indicators. The child mortality rate (CMR) is 101.7/1000 and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is 91.8/1000 and average life expectancy is only 49.5 years. The health status of the marginalized communities is much worse than the average district situation. Occurrence of preventable and communicable diseases like skin diseases, diarrhea, gastritis and intestinal worms, typhoid and ear infection among the top ten diseases reflects poor health situation of people in the district.

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Dhading Village Tours Nepal - 10 Days Dhading district lies immediately west of Kathmandu, stretching from the Ktm–Pokhara Prithivi Highway to the Ganesh Himal range and the Tibetan border. With elevations varying from 488 to 7909 m. above sea level, we find sub-tropical, temperate and alpine climates. Average annual rainfall is around 2,121 ml. Dading Besi can be reached by bus from Kathmandu. The trip takes 4–6 hours, depending on the traffic and road conditions. Several rivers, among them the Budhi Gandaki, the Trishuli and the Mahesh, run through the district. In addition to panoramic mountain views of the famous Ganesh Himal, Dhading also boasts such scenic attractions as Bridaing Kunda and Ganesh Kunda lakes and the waterfall at Ganga-Jamuna. Dhading district, like Nepal as a whole, is marked by cultural plurality. Hindus predominate in the lower regions; in the higher areas there live a great variety of ethnic groups, primarily Tibetan Buddhist in culture and religion. The main languages spoken are Nepali and Tamang, with sizeable groups of Magar, Gurung, Newari and Rai-Kirati speakers. Labour-intensive subsistence agriculture remains the main occupation. This in turn has meant that larger, traditional family groups are still the rule. Wheat and potatoes are among the main crops. Massive destruction of the natural forest area due to over-exploitation and mismanagement has decreased the total forest cover in Dhading. Now, under the concept of community forestry , local forest user groups have been introduced, and today much of the previous degraded forest area has regained its original composition. Dhading boasts a considerable potential for trekking tourism, which could benefit the local communities and raise the standard of living. As yet, however, very little exists in the way of tourism infrastructure, nor is there any overall management, as elsewhere with Nepal's national parks and conservation areas. As part of a larger project to promote sustainable eco-tourism in Dhading district, the Kathmandu Environmental Education Project has been requested to provide volunteer teachers to a total of seven rural schools. To date, KEEP volunteers have taught at schools in the Sertung, Borung and Lapa village areas. Outline Itinerary Day 01: Arrive in Kathmandu Day 02: Kathmandu - Dhang Bensi - Sangkosh Village Day 03: Sangkosh Village Tour Day 04: Sangkosh Village Tour Day 05: Sangkosh Village Tour Day 06: Sangkosh Village Tour Day 07: Sangkosh Village Tour Day 08: Sangkosh - Dhang Bensi - Kathmandu Day 09: Kathmandu Day 10: Departure

Dhading Information

Location of Dhading
Country Nepal
Region Central (Madhyamanchal)
Zone Bagmati
Area
 - Total 1,926 km2 (743.6 sq mi)
Population (2001)
 - Total 338,658
 - Density 175.8/km2 (455.4/sq mi)
Time zone NPT (UTC+5:45)
Dhading District(Nepali: धादिङ जिल्ला Listen (help·info), a part of Bagmati Zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Dhading Besi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,926 km² and has a population (2001) of 338,658.
Contents [hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Rivers
2 Demography
3 Towns and villages
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
[edit]Geography

The district spreads from 27'40" E to 28'17" E and 80'17"N to 84'35"N.[1] The mountain range "Ganesh" is the predominate mountain range located within Dhading. Some of the peaks are over 7,000 meters. The 8,000+ meter mountain "Manaslu" is clearly visible from much of Dhading, although it is located within the bounds of Gorkha. The transnational "King Prithivi Highway" connecting Kathmandu and Pokhara runs through the southern portion of the district making for easy access too the Kathmandu valley. The road parallels the "Trishuli" River.
The western border with Gorkha is bisected by the "Budhi Gandaki" river and this river valley is a great entrance to the Himals of Gorkha (with views of the Ganesh range), not to mention one of the prettier rivers of Nepal. The towns of Salantar and Arun Ghat should get you pointed in the right direction.
The district is bounded by-
East:Kathmandu, Rasuwa, Nuwakot
West: Gorkha
North:Rasuwa and Tibet
South: Makwanpur and Chitwan
[edit]Rivers
The main rivers of the district are Trishuli river and Budhi Gandaki river. Budhi Gandaki separates the district from Gorkha district. There are 25 small rivers, the main being Charoudi, Malekhu, Galtukhola, Belkhukhola, Chirandikhola, Maheshkhola, Thopal, Manukhola, Kastekhola, Mastekhola, Surgandhi, Ankhusalyantar. Besides these, there are over 1743 smaller rivers, springs and seasonal streams.[2]
[edit]

Dhading district

Dhading district, a part of Bagmati zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Dhading besi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,926 km² and has a population (2001) of 338,658. The mountain range "Ganesh" is the predominate mountain range located within Dhading. All of the peaks are over 7,000 meters with some approaching 8,000. The 8,000+ meter mountain "Manaslu" is clearly visible from much of Dhading, although it is located within the bounds of Gorkha. The transnational "King Prithivi Highway" connecting Kathmandu and Pokhara runs through the southarn portion of the district making for easy access too the Kathmandu valley. The road parallels the "Trishuli" River.

The famous temple "Manakamana" is located near Dhading. Once only accessible by foot, the temple can be reached by hitching an eye-catching gondola ride for a few American dollars. It was built with Swiss help.

Dhading is 80% farmland and 20% forest; unfortunately most of the protected forest is located near or next to the road which doesn't make for great trekking. But, the western border with Gorkha is bisected by the "Budi Gandadi" river and this river valley is a great entrance to the Himals of Gorkha (with views of the Ganesh range), not to mention one of the prettier rivers of Nepal. The towns of Salyantar and Arughat should get you pointing in the right direction.

The people of the district are primarily Bhramin and Chetri in the south and Tamang and Gurung in the north, with much of the center Newari. The famous King Prithivi Naryan Shah/Gurkha route crosses through Dhading.